Oluadah Equiano as the Aristotelian Didactic
In the modern text “An Interesting Narrative”, the didactic message is not obvious. This runs contrary to more ancient writings such as those read in class: the “Ramayana”, “Maharajia Lawana”, the “Epic of Old Mali”, and to a certain extent, the “Conquest of New Spain” which whose didactic messages were clearly projected unto one of its main protagonists. This literary device is called the hero archetype wherein a character is used to embody human and social virtues and in turn paint a story of the triumph of these human and social virtues through the struggles of the hero. In Oluadah Equiano’s narrative, it is questionable if he makes that attempt to make a hero out of the main protagonist not because it happened to be himself and didn’t want to come out as hypocritical, but it could be said that Equiano needed to speak to the modern sensibilities of the British society. To directly use didacticism by making a hero out of himself in his time while being an African who was considered a “sub-human” being would have simply won him a space in the abyss of dusty archives at best or the literary grave called the “subversive” or “propaganda” label whose pages are left never to be picked up by those who mattered. To push for his agenda of humane treatment of slaves, Equiano conformed to the British discourse, culture, and morality and eloquently at that. He acknowledged the need to pad the feathers as he attempts to ruffle them-- that to awaken the social imaginations and challenge the moral sensibilities of British society, Equiano wielded message not only through his pen, but also through his life that spoke of the same virtues British society celebrates and aims to accumulate and used these same virtues: excellence, self-determination, and compassion as his vehicle to argue against the practice of brutal slavery in the modern, imperial, and proto-industrialized society he belonged to.
The virtue of excellence means the maximizing of competency for the good. Though originally from the Greek concept of “arête” that means virtue or excellence, it holds so much power with the sensibilities of Equiano’s intended British readers and Equiano was one that truly practiced this virtue. More than anywhere else, Equiano exhibited excellence in his craft. By writing very eloquently and communicating his points exceptionally well in the language of the British discourse, he was able to capture the minds and hearts of the British readership. Testament to this are the many subscriptions his autobiography acquired which included much of European royalty and even the Queen of England herself. He also practiced excellence in his own life as seen in the success he attained in his social stature with his own efforts. By developing excellent writing skills and business competencies, he was able to “evolve” from his “sub-human” position in British society and into a member of the British free men. These manifestations of the virtue of excellence earned him a privileged place in the British society despite the prejudice against Black slaves that still existed at least in the minds of the British.
Another virtue Equiano practiced was self-determination which means having the liberty to act according to one’s own will and motivation. The fact that Equiano was able to climb the social ladder of the British society and earn wealth and a good reputation was an indication of him practicing the virtue self-determination. Though it should be said that he wasn’t able to do this on his own without enlisting the help of some of his slave friends, contacts in business, and especially his employer and teacher, King, it can be said that much of his success can be attributable to his own efforts. This struggle for self-determination was then legitimized by British society which valued the virtue of self-determination. Being in a modern society, the values of old that emphasized conformity to entities beyond one’s self such as the church, the kingdom, and the government and even to metaphysical entities such as gods or the cosmos are slowly giving way to the modern stress on the power of the self. Also, if Equiano didn’t follow his ambition of alleviating the practice of brutal slavery and remained in the English colonies, he couldn’t have had the achievements he attained in England. In addition to this, with the use of his own talents, not only did Equiano determine himself in British society, but he also helped his fellow Africans in determining themselves at least in British society. Through enacting his political will, he practiced self-determination not only in matters that concerned him, but also in matters beyond himself.
Finally, the virtue of compassion is one Equiano emphatically practiced. The virtue of compassion is a social-relational virtue that means that a person that is compassionate is prompted to act upon alleviating the suffering of another person. Equiano practiced the virtue of compassion especially towards his slave peers. The biography he wrote “An Interesting Narrative” is a great indication of his practice of compassion. It might be argued that he wrote the biography to further personal agendas, but it must be put to mind that at the point wherein he wrote his biography, he was already a person of high stature in British society. In fact, he already had the capacities to be a successful writer and businessman at that time, but he chose to spend time in the abolitionist movement against slavery and fuel an anti-slavery discourse in England and eventually all over Europe. He didn’t forget his and his slave peers’ experiences within slavery and fought against it when he already had the capacity to. In the practice of compassion, he didn’t stop in earning for himself redemption from the unjust conditions slavery subjected him to, but wanted to fight for those who are still caught and inconvenienced by it. This compassionate struggle was one that eventually shaped the values of British society and eventually the world.
With the practice of the three virtues of excellence, self-determination, and compassion, Equiano was able to effectively achieve for himself and for British society a better society that is more humane towards Africans and other races that were considered slave races. This he did not do only through his literary career but also in his career in the practice of virtues. Through these practice of virtues, the outward rewards of wealth, fame, and respect he earned only served to decorate his most important achievement—that of virtue itself. He was able to be a didactic not only through his words, but as Aristotle would have recommended, through character and example.
The virtue of excellence means the maximizing of competency for the good. Though originally from the Greek concept of “arête” that means virtue or excellence, it holds so much power with the sensibilities of Equiano’s intended British readers and Equiano was one that truly practiced this virtue. More than anywhere else, Equiano exhibited excellence in his craft. By writing very eloquently and communicating his points exceptionally well in the language of the British discourse, he was able to capture the minds and hearts of the British readership. Testament to this are the many subscriptions his autobiography acquired which included much of European royalty and even the Queen of England herself. He also practiced excellence in his own life as seen in the success he attained in his social stature with his own efforts. By developing excellent writing skills and business competencies, he was able to “evolve” from his “sub-human” position in British society and into a member of the British free men. These manifestations of the virtue of excellence earned him a privileged place in the British society despite the prejudice against Black slaves that still existed at least in the minds of the British.
Another virtue Equiano practiced was self-determination which means having the liberty to act according to one’s own will and motivation. The fact that Equiano was able to climb the social ladder of the British society and earn wealth and a good reputation was an indication of him practicing the virtue self-determination. Though it should be said that he wasn’t able to do this on his own without enlisting the help of some of his slave friends, contacts in business, and especially his employer and teacher, King, it can be said that much of his success can be attributable to his own efforts. This struggle for self-determination was then legitimized by British society which valued the virtue of self-determination. Being in a modern society, the values of old that emphasized conformity to entities beyond one’s self such as the church, the kingdom, and the government and even to metaphysical entities such as gods or the cosmos are slowly giving way to the modern stress on the power of the self. Also, if Equiano didn’t follow his ambition of alleviating the practice of brutal slavery and remained in the English colonies, he couldn’t have had the achievements he attained in England. In addition to this, with the use of his own talents, not only did Equiano determine himself in British society, but he also helped his fellow Africans in determining themselves at least in British society. Through enacting his political will, he practiced self-determination not only in matters that concerned him, but also in matters beyond himself.
Finally, the virtue of compassion is one Equiano emphatically practiced. The virtue of compassion is a social-relational virtue that means that a person that is compassionate is prompted to act upon alleviating the suffering of another person. Equiano practiced the virtue of compassion especially towards his slave peers. The biography he wrote “An Interesting Narrative” is a great indication of his practice of compassion. It might be argued that he wrote the biography to further personal agendas, but it must be put to mind that at the point wherein he wrote his biography, he was already a person of high stature in British society. In fact, he already had the capacities to be a successful writer and businessman at that time, but he chose to spend time in the abolitionist movement against slavery and fuel an anti-slavery discourse in England and eventually all over Europe. He didn’t forget his and his slave peers’ experiences within slavery and fought against it when he already had the capacity to. In the practice of compassion, he didn’t stop in earning for himself redemption from the unjust conditions slavery subjected him to, but wanted to fight for those who are still caught and inconvenienced by it. This compassionate struggle was one that eventually shaped the values of British society and eventually the world.
With the practice of the three virtues of excellence, self-determination, and compassion, Equiano was able to effectively achieve for himself and for British society a better society that is more humane towards Africans and other races that were considered slave races. This he did not do only through his literary career but also in his career in the practice of virtues. Through these practice of virtues, the outward rewards of wealth, fame, and respect he earned only served to decorate his most important achievement—that of virtue itself. He was able to be a didactic not only through his words, but as Aristotle would have recommended, through character and example.
calm
pleased
accomplished
satisfied